The activity theory is one of three major psychosocial theories which describe how people develop in old age. The theory predicts that older adults that face role loss will substitute former roles with other alternatives. Īctivity theory reflects the functionalist perspective that the equilibrium that an individual develops in middle age should be maintained in later years. Also, some older adults do not desire to engage in new challenges. The critics of the activity theory state that it overlooks inequalities in health and economics that hinders the ability for older people to engage in such activities. One author suggests that activity enables older adults adjust to retirement and is named “the busy ethic”.
The theory assumes that a positive relationship between activity and life satisfaction. In 1964, Bernice Neugarten asserted that satisfaction in old age depended on active maintenance of personal relationships and endeavors. The activity theory and the disengagement theory were the two major theories that outlined successful aging in the early 1960s. The activity theory rose in opposing response to the disengagement theory. The activity theory, also known as the implicit theory of aging, normal theory of aging, and lay theory of aging, proposes that successful aging occurs when older adults stay active and maintain social interactions. The activity theory states that optimal aging occurs when individuals participate in activities, pursuits, and relationships. Developmental Psychology: Cognitive development
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